The Security Of Machines With Business Implementation And...

4.1.1. Front-end Sensors and Equipment: Front-end sensors and equipment receives data via the built-in sensors. They then transmit the data using modules or M2M device, thus achieving networking services of multiple sensors. This methodology involves the security of machines with business implementation and node connectivity [8]. Machine or perception nodes are mostly distributed in the absence of monitoring scenarios. An intruder can easily access these devices which simply damage them or illegal actions on these nodes were done. Possible threats are analyzed and are categorized to unauthorized access to data, threats to the Internet and denial of service attack. 4.1.2. Network: The network plays an important role providing a more comprehensive interconnection capability, effectualness and thriftiness of connection, as well as authentic quality of service in IoTs. Since a large number of machines sending data to network congestion, a large number of nodes and groups exist in lOTs may be resulted in denial of service attacks. 4.1.3. Back-end of IT systems: Back-end IT systems from the gateway, middleware, which has high-security requirements, and gathering, examining sensor data in real-time or pseudo real-time to increase business intelligence. The security of IoT system has seven major standards viz; privacy protection, access control, user authentication, communication layer security, data integrity, data confidentiality and availability at any time. 4.1.4Show MoreRelatedIpv4 Ipv6 : The Key Motive For The Development Of Ipv6910 Words   |  4 Pagesservice, security and mobility. From past three years we have noticed that the IPv4 address exhaustion took place which lead to the development of the next generation internet protocol IPv6.The main aim of this paper is to discuss the transition changes of IPv4-IPv6 . INTRODUCTION: Internet was been invented in united states in the year 1970 and the development started rapidly till the year 1980’s. In the year 1990 there was a new network node introduction which helped in the business presenceRead MoreDhcp Server Experience A Critical Failure975 Words   |  4 PagesDHCP Implementation DHCP implementation is an important aspect to address as it is necessary for all clients on the network to ensure they can properly connect and communicate with internal and external resources. Each individual site will be configured with a DHCP server that provides a unique address to each client. In addition, each site will be configured with a different network address to facilitate communication between all of the sites. To provide DHCP fault tolerance, DHCP servers will beRead MoreEssay On Wireless Communication Technology1467 Words   |  6 Pagesdevised through Kevin Ashton in 1999 [1] and refers to uniquely identifiable objects and their virtual representations in an â€Å"internet-like† shape. these objects can be something from large homes, business flowers, planes, automobiles, machines, any form of goods, particular elements of a larger machine to human beings, animals and plant life and even unique frame elements of them. at the same time as IoT does not count on a selected verbal exchange technology, wireless communication technologiesRead MoreUsing Wireless Sensor Network Systems2592 Words   |  11 Pagesfacing problems in computerizing their systems. To computerize hundreds of electronic machines in a work area, the network or networking is the main priority. The Industrial wireless technologies and standards used by plants can improve plant efficiency, safety, security, and productivity. Wireless drastically changes the economics of the financial investments in the new technology with its lower implementation costs and total cost of ownership and rapid return on investment. Mainly the wirelessRead MoreDesign And Management Of Networks2109 Words   |  9 Pagesthe often set goals are increasing which must be achieved in an attempt to keep the company up and running. One of the major areas that need proper attention and updating is the networking department. Maintaining the highest level of dyn amism and security in the integrated network is critical especially with the recent developments in technology (Lavan, et.al, 2007). Further, the company has recently experienced growth in their customer base and size and as such increasing the possible challengesRead MoreNetwork System Upgarde Proposl For Rivier Library2622 Words   |  11 Pages Venu Gopi Takkellapati Index Overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 Network Diagram†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4 Design features†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 Standards protocols†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Implementation notes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 Network Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Change history†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.17 Overview: The library is aggressively expanding its area due to population growth in general, the library is doing fairly well financiallyRead MoreInterface And Open Database Connectivity1550 Words   |  7 PagesFunctionality: MapR is a third-party application offering an open, enterprise-grade distribution that makes Hadoop easier to use and more dependable. For ease of use, MapR provides network file system (NFS) and open database connectivity (ODBC) interfaces, a comprehensive management suite, and automatic compression. For dependability, MapR provides high availability with a self-healing no-NameNode architecture, and data protection with snapshots, disaster recovery, and with cross-cluster mirroringRead MoreBig Dat Data Redorage And Management Of Peter Mayer Advertising1513 Words   |  7 Pagesprogramming model is comprised of two steps: the â€Å"Map† procedure organizes information and the â€Å"Reduce† procedure assembles the transitional results into a final result, or summary operation. (Dowling) Each single cluster node—a special type of computational cluster for storing data—node has a neighborhood record framework and CPU to MapReduce programs on. Data is broken into pieces, stored over the local records of hubs, and then copied. The local records form a record framework called the Hadoop DistributedRead MoreEmail Server Proposal2503 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Email is absolutely crucial in a business environment and now-a-days play an important role in the communication in an enterprise. Domain based, pure play, mailing solutions are a must for any business community and Linux is the ideal platform for providing this service. Its resilience and stability mean that you can be confident that your email infrastructure will be rock solid, irrespective of whether you have five email users, or five thousand. For an enterprise to run smoothly theRead MoreThe Origins Of The Internet And Future Developments1732 Words   |  7 Pages The Origins of the Internet and Future Developments Tamara Smith Southern New Hampshire University IT-505 The internet has grown from a few nodes to a massive interconnecting system that helped to connect millions of people. The global reach of the internet and its ability to expand at an exponential rate, makes the internet one of the biggest tools created for commercial use. This paper will focus on how the internet was started and how it has developed since the start, growing

Book Review The Bottom Billion by Paul Collier - 1802 Words

Paul Collier’s book is about the future of the world. Most of the world is on the positive trajectory set by growth and prosperity. The 21st Century is the age of the middle class. For most of the world, things are looking up. However, Collier is concerned with a group of countries that are not part of this trajectory. Collier is concerned with approximately 58 countries that constitute about one billion people, or 20 percent of the earth’s population (Collier 7). This â€Å"bottom billion† group belongs to countries that are not progressing with the rest of the world’s pace; in fact, they seem to be diverging and falling apart when everyone else around them are growing. The purpose of the book is to show these countries are, in fact,†¦show more content†¦If Collier’s recommendations for reversal of decline are to have any weight, then these traps must be escapable, and they are (albeit very difficult to escape). However, many countries are finding once they escape these traps, they are trying to enter a global market that is already very productive and not easy for new countries to enter (Collier 6). However, despite Collier’s suggestions to reform the bottom billion, he acknowledges the fact that â€Å"The societies of the bottom billion can only be rescued from within† (Collier 96). Therefore, he creates instruments that the successful nations (specifically the G8 is his target audience) can implement to ensure the bottom billion are set up for success and able to reform their own countries into growing economies. The four instruments Collier suggests are aid, military intervention, laws and charters to standardize emerging markets, and trade reforms to ease transition into the global market (Collier Part 4). The international relations theory behind Collier’s argument is an interesting mix between realism and idealism. The realist portion is supported by Collier’s argument that the bott om billion pose a very real security and economic drain against the rest of the world. Outside investors (and even internal investors) have not directed capital towards these countries due to the fact that the risk of these countries, be it returned or perceived, is very highShow MoreRelatedDevelopment in the CIS: A Look At Azerbaijan3270 Words   |  14 PagesThis paper reviews the factors affecting Azerbaijan’s economic growth over the years; particularly addressing how the transition process has been negatively affected by ineffective reform implementation. I will attempt to show the roles of aid dependency and corruption in preventing the country’s full transition from planned to a market economy. This paper will highlight economic development in Azerbaijan; particularly factors contributing to the current state of development in the country. Read MoreProject Managemant29326 Words   |  118 Pagesproject management such a diverse and challenging field. BACKGROUND ON NORTHWEST AIRLINES Northwest Airlines is the world’s fourth largest airline and America’s oldest carrier. Northwest began on October 1, 1926, flying mail between Minneapolis/St. Paul and Chicago. Passenger service began the following year. On July 15, 1947, Northwest pioneered the â€Å"Great Circle† route to Asia, with service to Tokyo, Seoul, Shanghai, and Manila. Today, Northwest Airlines, with its global travel partners, servesRead MoreThe Analysis of Financial Position of Heineken, Carlsberg and Saigon Beer Company15733 Words   |  63 Pagesthe period 2009, 2010 and 2011, and the significance of financial management. Ultimately, we give suggestions and recommendations for Saigon Beer Company. All of information and literature used are collected from internet sources, published books and course books which are reliable. We would love to contribute the results and findings on this paper to the development of our country, in terms of economy, and particularly, the beer industry. This report does not only aims at Saigon Beer Company but alsoRead MoreThe Analysis of Financial Position of Heineken, Carlsberg and Saigon Beer Company15727 Words   |  63 Pagesthe period 2009, 2010 and 2011, and the significance of financial management. Ultimately, we give suggestions and recommendations for Saigon Beer Company. All of information and literature used are collected from internet sources, published books and course books which are reliable. We would love to contribute the results and findings on this paper to the development of our country, in terms of economy, and particularly, the beer industry. This report does not only aims at Saigon Beer Company but alsoRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesemployees.6 A final reason for beginning this text with an investment perspective is to reinforce the idea that for human resource management to play a meaningful role in the strategic management of organizations, it must be viewed as contributing to the bottom line. An investment perspective provides a valuable guide for strategic management. Page 4 STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Section One This section begins with consideration of factors relevant to strategy-based human resource investmentRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesterms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher ServicesRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesPrinciples of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus IndianapolisRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 PagesECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 597 CASE STUDIES ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 598 ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 599 Guide to using the case studies The main text of this book includes 87 short illustrations and 15 case examples which have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow theRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic Marketing Management Dedication This book is dedicated to the authors’ wives – Gillian and Rosie – and to Ben Gilligan for their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University

The Unique Corporate Culture in Google Free Essays

The Unique Corporate Culture in Google Executive Summary The internet giant of search engine â€Å"Google†, always rated for the â€Å"Best Workplace†, â€Å"Best Employer† in the recent ten years. Why? Except the professional technology, Google’s great and unique corporate culture made so. The feature of Google’s corporate culture is equality, free and human oriented. We will write a custom essay sample on The Unique Corporate Culture in Google or any similar topic only for you Order Now The company provide the most luxury and comfortable work environment to its employee, encourage them relax more, play hard and work hard. From Google’s case, more and more companies realized the perks and benefits for the employee are no longer only medical, insurance, overtime pay, free coffee and two weeks holidays. In Google, nobody need to punch the clock, you can work in your own â€Å"time zone†. If you don’t want to leave your pet in the working time, bring it in your office, you can stay with it in every minute. You don’t need bring the lunch box to the company, because it has free breakfast, lunch and dinner every day. Vast kinds of facilities are well-established. Like the professional massagist, the gym, the massage chair, the bicycle, the dry clean laundry, the slides, the electronic scooter, the oil change, and so on. Everything seems great, but if the employee has other demand, they can speak to the founder or CEO directly, maybe the request would be excessive or crazy, but if it is feasible, Google will satisfy employee in every possible way. The open policy reflects the equality in Google. Every employee can see the boss and co-workers work plan and schedule. Google think this way can let all employees get the information about company’s program progress and developing direction, make them feel they are trusted and will be one of the groups always. How to cite The Unique Corporate Culture in Google, Papers

Commentary on Women Beware Women free essay sample

Beware Women is a Jacobean tragedy, which has a complex plot and deals with corrupted characters. This tragedy is about corruption in the court and life in general, love by money and how women can lead other women to destruction. As Tricomi states about the characters, they ‘are not wholly the product of their circumstances, but their circumstances condition their choices and propel them toward their destiny’. Middleton, as other Jacobean playwrights before him, has managed to point out that ‘aristocratic life is brutal and corrupt’. 2] The focus of this commentary will be concentrated on marriage and to what can lead one to fall apart. The first scene (Act I), deals with the characters of the play’s main plot: Leantio, Bianca and the Mother. In this scene, the readers come across with the insulting behaviour towards Bianca, where she is treated as an object. Leantio speaks of his wife with words of business, to him she is â€Å"the most unvalued’st purchase†. He describes her as if she was a dangerous object that must stay hidden and safe, away from the sight of men. When he talks about her, it is obvious that Bianca is for him a treasure and he is the thief that now has to hide his â€Å"best piece of theft† (I. ii) in a safe place so no one will steal it from him. Such words describing a human being are rather cruel, especially when Leantio is talking about a person for whom he is supposed to have true and pure feelings of love. Leantio is aware that Bianca’s family is rich, but he also knows that by marrying Bianca in secrecy and taking her away from them, Bianca will lose all of the property and money that belongs to her. He has also written over to her his house and put his mother in jeopardy. Although his act seems a romantic one and, even though he speaks of that relationship and feelings as being pure, his love is not mature; rather, it is one filled with jealousy. In the beginning of the play Bianca could be characterised as the victim because she has a mother-in-law who is not fond of her and does not approve their marriage and she is now imprisoned in poverty and in home. However, Bianca is ‘as much a victim as perpetrator, and she is to be judged as a tragic protagonist with a vexing mix of virtues and flaws’. [3] As seen in the plot, the Mother aids and abets in Bianca’s meeting with the Duke. The Mother and Livia hatched up a plan for Bianca’s rape and she falls into the trap, as Isabella did, but the rape was almost enticed on her part. ‘The attitude towards Bianca is one of dehumanizing possession and manipulation’. [4] But Bianca, after that, changes drastically and soon enough she becomes one of the most corrupted characters, who along with others, brings about the downfall and the final bloodshed in the play. Bianca chose money over her marriage, although, she blames the other women for her disaster. ‘Treachery and betrayal [ ] are Bianca’s terms of explanation for her downfall’. [5] Bianca is seen by her mother-in-law as an added burden to her son’s finances. The Mother’s interest is focused only on money. For the Mother, Bianca as a wife has nothing to offer, she will only demand and receive. The Mother is sizing up the economics of their situation now that there are three members in the family. Leantio can barely support himself, and up until now he had to support his mother as well. The Mother doubts that her son is able to support a family of three. She claims that nothing can save him from this financial dead end by saying â€Å"My life can give you But little helps, and my death lesser hopes† (I. i). The Mother thinks of Bianca, as for every other wife, that she will require from Leantio â€Å"maintenance† (I. ii) fitting to her â€Å"birth and virtues† (I. ii), but also gratification of her desire for â€Å"affections, wills, and humours† (I. ii). [6] Leantio then expresses his intentions towards Bianca, by replying to his mother’s words, pleading with her not to â€Å"teach her to rebel† (I. ii) now that â€Å"she’s in a good way to obedience† (I. ii). Leantio’s â€Å"assurance† (I. ii), of keeping his â€Å"jewel† (I. ii) locked away â€Å"from all men’s eyes† (I. ii), is his mother. She is the one who holds the â€Å"key† (I. i) to his â€Å"treasure† (I. ii), and â€Å"old mothers† (I. ii) are â€Å"good to look to keys† (I. ii) when â€Å"sons lock chests† (I. ii). However, the irony here is that later on, it’s the Mother herself who pushes Bianca towards rape with the Duke, first to get rid of her, but then to accrue some of the benefits from the court life for herself and her son. Bianca is to Leantio nothing but an object of â€Å"great value† (I. ii), a â€Å"matchless jewel† (I. ii) that he has stolen. Because â€Å"temptation is a devil will not stick to fasten upon a saint† (I. ii), Leantio’s â€Å"gem† (I. ii) must stay hidden and locked. This is the â€Å"great policy† (I. i) for Leantio in order to never lose a treasure; never â€Å"show thieves our wealth† (I. ii). Bianca is the â€Å"treasure† (I. ii), Leantio is the â€Å"thief† (I. ii), and the â€Å"key† (I. ii) to his happiness holds his mother, thus, it could be said that the chest with the key is symbolic of Leantio and Bianca’s relationship. To conclude, this tragedy proves that women should beware women. Women lead other women to destruction, and are even responsible for another woman’s rape. Corruption and enemies are present everywhere but, as Bianca says in her dying breath, â€Å"Like our own sex, we have no enemy†.

Accomplice Liabilty Essays - Criminal Law, Elements Of Crime

Accomplice Liabilty Questions Presented 1. Whether a person in Alaska can be charged as an accomplice to an unintentional crime, when Alaskan courts required that one must have the specific intent to promote or facilitate the offense? 2. Whether the mother was the legal cause of her childrens death, when she permitted the father to take the children in his car when he was drunk? Statement of the Case The appellant, Elaine Benis, was indicted in the County of Norchester, on one count of manslaughter, pursuant to A.S. ?11.41.120. (R. at 1.) She was also indicted for one count of accessory to manslaughter, pursuant to A.S. ?11.41.120 and A.S. ?11.16.110. (R. at 1). After the presentation of the prosecutions case, the defense moved to dismiss on the grounds that the prosecution did not prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Mrs. Benis was reckless. (R. at 9). This motion was denied. At the conclusion of its case, the defense moved for a directed verdict, stating that the prosecution failed to show that Mrs. Benis recklessly caused the death of her children. (R. at 12). This motion was denied and the judge informed the counselors that he would charge the jury in accordance with the states proposed charge. (R. at 13). The defense strongly objected and renewed its motion for a directed verdict, submitting that there was insufficient evidence to prove that Mrs. Benis was the cause of her c hildrens death, since Mr. Petermans actions clearly were the only cause of their death and that it is logically impossible for any jury to find someone guilty as an accomplice to an unintended crime. (R. at 13). The trial judge denied the motion. (R. at 13). Mrs. Benis was convicted and appealed to the Court of Appeals of the State of Alaska. (R. at 15). At issue in the appeal was whether the trial court erred, as a matter of law, (1) in instructing the jury on the charge of accessory to manslaughter and (2) in denying Mrs. Beniss post trial motion for a directed verdict because there was insufficient evidence to support a conviction as a principal. (R. at 16). The Court of Appeals held that the trial court did not err in instructing the jury that one can be an accomplice to reckless manslaughter even though it is a not a specific intent crime. (R. at 17). The court based its decision on holdings from other jurisdictions and rejected the Alaskan doctrine that one cannot be an accomplice to a crime when he acts recklessly. (R. at 17). Furthermore, the court held that there was sufficient evidence to support a conviction of Mrs. Benis as principal because her act was the legal cause of death. (R. at 17). Mrs. Benis now appeals to the Supreme Court of Alaska. This appeal is limited to the issue of whether being an accessory to manslaughter is a crime under Alaska law and whether there was sufficient evidence that Mrs. Beniss act caused the death of her two daughters. (R. at 19). The defense appeals on the grounds that the law of Alaska does not permit an instruction that one can be an accomplice to an unintentional crime when they did not have the specific intent to promote or facilitate the offense and that Mrs. Beniss act was not the proximate cause of her two childrens death. On Sunday, October 10, 1999, Jay Peterman came to his wifes house, Mrs. Benis, because he is allowed to see his children, pursuant to a temporary separation agreement. (R. at 16). Mrs. Benis testified that her husbands eyes were red and that he appeared tipsy, but he drove up to the house, so I thought he was O.K. (R. at 11). However, when the prosecution asked Mrs. Benis if she knew that Mr. Peterman was drunk at the time he picked up the girls, she emphatically replied No. (R. at 12). Furthermore, expert testimony from the Medical Examiner reveals that even though someone has a blood alcohol level of 0.14, it is not absolutely certain that the person appears intoxicated to the outside world. (R. at 7). Mr. Peterman had a breath-analyzing device installed in his car because of past drunk driving incidents. (R. at 16). This

Multivariate Econometrics Problems and Excel

Multivariate Econometrics Problems and Excel Most economics departments require second or third year undergraduate students to complete an econometrics project and write a paper on their findings. Years later I remember how stressful my project was, so Ive decided to write the guide to econometrics term papers that I wish I had when I was a student. I hope that this will prevent you from spending many long nights in front of a computer. For this econometrics project, Im going to calculate the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) in the United States. (If youre more interested in doing a simpler, univariate econometrics project, please see How to Do a Painless Econometrics Project) The marginal propensity to consume is defined as how much an agent spends when given an extra dollar from an additional dollars personal disposable income. My theory is that consumers keep a set amount of money aside for investment and emergency, and spend the rest of their disposable income on consumption goods. Therefore my null hypothesis is that MPC 1. Im also interested in seeing how changes in the prime rate influence consumption habits. Many believe that when the interest rate rises, people save more and spend less. If this is true, we should expect that there is a negative relationship between interest rates such as the prime rate, and consumption. My theory, however, is that there is no link between the two, so all else being equal, we should see no change in the level of the propensity to consume as the prime rate changes. In order to test my hypotheses, I need to create an econometric model. First well define our variables: Yt is the nominal personal consumption expenditure (PCE) in the United States.X2t is the nominal disposable after-tax income in the United States. X3t is the prime rate in the U.S. Our model is then: Yt b1 b2X2t b3X3t Where b 1, b 2, and b 3 are the parameters we will be estimating via linear regression. These parameters represent the following: b1 is the amount the level of PCE when nominal disposable after-tax income (X2t) and the prime rate (X3t) are both zero. We do not have a theory about what the true value of this parameter should be, as it holds little interest to us.b2 represents the amount PCE rises when the nominal disposable after-tax income in the United States rises by a dollar. Note that this is the definition of the marginal propensity to consume (MPC), so b2 is simply the MPC. Our theory is that MPC 1, so our null hypothesis for this parameter is b2 1.b3 represents the amount PCE rises when the prime rate increases by a full percent (say from 4% to 5% or from 8% to 9%). Our theory is that changes in the prime rate do not influence consumption habits, so our null hypothesis for this parameter is b2 0. So we will be comparing the results of our model: Yt b1 b2X2t b3X3t to the hypothesized relationship: Yt b1 1*X2t 0*X3t where b 1 is a value that does not particularly interest us. To be able to estimate our parameters, well need data. The excel spreadsheet Personal Consumption Expenditure contains quarterly American Data from the 1st quarter of 1959 to the 3rd quarter of 2003. Â  All data comes from FRED II - The St. Louis Federal Reserve. Its the first place you should go for U.S. economic data. After youve downloaded the data, open up Excel, and load the file called aboutpce (full name aboutpce.xls) in whatever directory you saved it in. Then continue to the next page. Be Sure to Continue to Page 2 of How to Do a Painless Multivariate Econometrics Project Weve got the data file open we can start to look for what we need. First we need to locate our Y variable. Recall that Yt is the nominal personal consumption expenditure (PCE). Quickly scanning our data we see that our PCE data is in Column C, labeled PCE (Y). By looking at columns A and B, we see that our PCE data runs from the 1st quarter of 1959 to the final quarter of 2003 in cells C24-C180. You should write these facts down as youll need them later. Now we need to find our X variables. In our model we only have two X variables, which are X2t, disposable personal income (DPI) and X3t, the prime rate. We see that DPI is in the column marked DPI (X2) which is in Column D, in cells D2-D180 and the prime rate is in the column marked Prime Rate (X3) which is in column E, in cells E2-E180. Weve identified the data we need. We can now compute the regression coefficients using Excel. If you are not restricted to using a particular program for your regression analysis, Id recommend using Excel. Excel is missing a lot of the features a lot of the more sophisticated econometrics packages use, but for doing a simple linear regression it is a useful tool. Youre much more likely to use Excel when you enter the real world than you are to use an econometrics package, so being proficient in Excel is a useful skill to have. Our Yt data is in cells E2-E180 and our Xt data (X2t and X3t collectively) is in cells D2-E180. When doing a linear regression we need every Yt to have exactly one associated X2t and one associated X3t and so on. In this case we have the same number of Yt, X2t, and X3t entries, so were good to go. Now that we have located the data we need, we can calculate our regression coefficients (our b1, b2, and b3). Before continuing you should save your work under a different filename (I chose myproj.xls) so if we need to start over we have our original data. Now that youve downloaded the data and opened Excel, we can go onto the next section. In the next section we calculate our regression coefficients. Be Sure to Continue to Page 3 of How to Do a Painless Multivariate Econometrics Project Now onto the data analysis. Go to the Tools menu on the top of the screen. Then find Data Analysis in the Tools menu. If Data Analysis is not there, then youll have to install it. To install the Data Analysis Toolpack see these instructions. You cannot do regression analysis without the data analysis toolpack installed. Once youve selected Data Analysis from the Tools menu youll see a menu of choices such as Covariance and F-Test Two-Sample for Variances. On that menu select Regression. The items are in alphabetical order, so they shouldnt be too hard to find. Once there, youll see a form that looks like this. Now we need to fill this form in. (The data in the background of this screenshot will differ from your data) The first field well need to fill in is the Input Y Range. This is our PCE in cells C2-C180. You can choose these cells by typing $C$2:$C$180 into the little white box next to Input Y Range or by clicking on the icon next to that white box then selecting those cells with your mouse. The second field well need to fill in is the Input X Range. Here we will be inputting both of our X variables, DPI and the Prime Rate. Our DPI data is in cells D2-D180 and our prime rate data is in cells E2-E180, so we need the data from the rectangle of cells D2-E180. You can choose these cells by typing $D$2:$E$180 into the little white box next to Input X Range or by clicking on the icon next to that white box then selecting those cells with your mouse. Lastly well have to name the page our regression results will go on. Make sure you have New Worksheet Ply selected, and in the white field beside it type in a name like Regression. When thats completed, click on OK. You should now see a tab on the bottom of your screen called Regression (or whatever you named it) and some regression results. Now youve got all the results you need for analysis, including R Square, coefficients, standard errors, etc. We were looking to estimate our intercept coefficient b1 and our X coefficients b2, b3. Our intercept coefficient b1 is located in the row named Intercept and in the column named Coefficients. Make sure you jot these figures down, including the number of observations, (or print them out) as you will need them for analysis. Our intercept coefficient b1 is located in the row named Intercept and in the column named Coefficients. Our first slope coefficient b2 is located in the row named X Variable 1 and in the column named Coefficients. Our second slope coefficient b3 is located in the row named X Variable 2 and in the column named Coefficients The final table generated by your regression should be similar to the one given at the bottom of this article. Now youve got the regression results you need, youll need to analyze them for your term paper. We will see how to do that in next weeks article. If you have a question youd like answered please use the feedback form. Regression Results Observations Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Intercept X Variable 1 X Variable 2 -13.71941.4186-9.67080.0000-16.5192-10.9197

Just War Theory and How It Relates to Desert Storm and the War in Research Paper

Just War Theory and How It Relates to Desert Storm and the War in Afghanistan - Research Paper Example Operations Desert Storm or Gulf war was conducted during 17 January 1991 – 28 February 1991, between an UN-authorized coalition forces from 34 nations against Iraq. The UN coalition forces were headed by America and the reason for this war was Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. George Bush Sr. was the American president at that time. The current Afghan war was started in 2001, immediately after the 9/11 incident. This war is often labeled as war on terror and the reason cited for this war was that terrorists use Afghan soil for conducting violent activities across the world. Taliban was accused for keeping nexus with other terrorist organizations in the world. In other words, America suspects that Taliban, Al Qaida and other terrorist organizations are working against America from Afghan soil. Politicians and neutral observers have different opinions about operation desert storm and Afghan war. Some people support these wars whereas others oppose it. This paper analyses operati on desert storm and Afghan war in terms of just war theory. Historically, the just war tradition may be said to commonly evolve between two culturally similar enemies. That is, when an array of values are shared between two warring peoples, we often find that they implicitly or explicitly agree upon limits to their warfare. But when enemies differ greatly because of different religious beliefs, race, or language, and as such they see each other as â€Å"less than human†, war conventions are rarely applied (Mosely). Gulf War took place between two culturally similar countries. Muslims or Arabs in Kuwait and Iraq have same religious beliefs and customs. There are plenty of similarities between Iraqis and Kuwaitis. Under such circumstances, one can definitely conclude that just war theory is definitely applicable to Gulf war. On the other hand, war in Afghanistan is taking place between Christian dominated America and Muslim dominated Taliban or Afghan people. Even though Muslim s and Christians do have a common father in Abraham (Jewism, Islam and Christianity are three Abrahamic religions), their beliefs and customs are entirely different. Christians believe that Jesus the saviour of human kind whereas Muslims believe that Prophet Mohammad is the saviour of humans. In short, Afghan war cannot be included under the just war theory since two culturally different parties are fighting each other here. â€Å"It has been the concern of the majority of just war theorists that the lack of rules to war or any asymmetrical morality between belligerents should be denounced, and that the rules of war should apply to all equally† (Mosely). Saddam’s ambitions to expand Iraq’s territory were resulted in Gulf War. Iraq failed to accept Kuwait as a sovereign state and they tried to conquer it using muscle power. Saddam argued that Kuwait is part of Iraq historically and it should be added to Iraq’s territories. On the other hand, international community was not convinced by these arguments and the result was Gulf War. On the other hand, 9/11 caused war on terror and Afghan war. America started two war fronts; one in Afghanistan and another in Iraq immediately after the 9/11 incident. America believed that Saddam has joined hands with Al Quaid leader Osama to conduct terrorist activities in America. In their opinion, the Taliban dominated Afghanistan was the origin of all